Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Stages of development: in psychology, development stages are infancy (0-2 years), early childhood (2-6), middle childhood (6-12), adolescence (12-18). The theory of Erik Erikson counts 8 stages, e.g., trust vs. mistrust, autonomy, identity). Jean Piaget's theory has 4 stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete & formal operational) describing how thinking abilities progress in childhood. See also Developmental psychology, J. Piaget, E. Erikson._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Sigmund Freud on Stages of Development - Dictionary of Arguments
Upton I 12 Stages of Development/Freud/Upton: five stages of psychosexual development: 1. Oral (birth to 1 year): An infant’s primary interaction with the world is through the mouth. If the need (e.g. for eating) is not met, the child may develop an oral fixation like fingernail biting or overeating. 2. Anal (1 to 3 years): Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. Toilet training is a primary issue with children and parents. Too much pressure can result in an excessive need for order or cleanliness later in life, while too little pressure from parents can lead to messy or destructive behaviour later in life. 3. Phallic (3 to 6 years): Freud suggested that the primary focus of the id’s energy is on the genitals. boys experience an Oedipal complex and girls experience and Electra complex, both of which are an attraction to the opposite sex parent. To cope with this conflict, children adopt the values and characteristics of the same-sex parent, thus forming the superego. Upton I 13 4. Latent (6 to 11 years): the superego continues to develop, while the id’s energies are suppressed. Children develop social skills, values and relationships with peers and adults outside the family. 5. Genital (11 to 18 years): The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again. During this stage, people develop a strong interest in the opposite sex. >Stages of Development/Erikson. Interaction/Freud: Freud’s model is an interactionist one, in which development is determined by both biology and the environment. VsFeud: concepts such as the libido are impossible to measure, and therefore cannot be tested scientifically._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Freud I S. Freud Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse Hamburg 2011 Upton I Penney Upton Developmental Psychology 2011 |
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> Counter arguments against Freud
> Counter arguments in relation to Stages of Development
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-28